雅思真题第1篇ThePearlAThroughouthistory,pearlshaveheldauniquepresencewithinthewealthyandForinstance,thepea下面是小编为大家整理的雅思真题10篇,供大家参考。
雅思真题 第1篇
The Pearl
A
Throughout history, pearls have held a unique presence within the wealthy
and For instance, the pearl was the favored gem of the wealthy
during the Roman This gift from the sea had been brought back from
the orient by the Roman Roman women wore pearls to bed so
they could be reminded of their wealth immediately upon waking Before
jewelers learned to cut gems, the pearl was of greater value than the
In the Orient and Persia Empire, pearls were ground into powders to cure
anything from heart disease to epilepsy, with possible aphrodisiac uses as
Pearls were once considered an exclusive privilege for A law in 1612
drawn up by the Duke of Saxony prohibited the wearing of pearls by nobility,
professors, doctors or their wives in an effort to further distinguish royal
American Indians also used freshwater pearls from the Mississippi
River as decorations and
B
There are essentially three types of pearls: natural, cultured and A
natural pearl (often called an Oriental pearl) forms when an irritant, such as
a piece of sand, works its way into a particular species of oyster, mussel, or
As a defense mechanism, the mollusk secretes a fluid to coat the
Layer upon layer of this coating is deposited on the irritant until a lustrous
pearl is
C
The only difference natural pearls and cultured pearls is that the irritant is
a surgically implanted bead or piece of shell called Mother of Often,
these shells are ground oyster shells that are worth
significant amounts of money in their own right as
irritant-catalysts for quality The resulting
core is, much larger than in a natural Yet,
as long as there are enough layers of nacre (the
secreted fluid covering the irritant) to result in a
beautiful, gem-quality pearl, the size of the nucleus
is of no consequence to beauty or
D
Pearls can come from either salt or freshwater Typically, saltwater
pearls tend to be higher quality, although there are several types of freshwater
pearls that are considered high in quality as Freshwater pearls tend to
be very irregular in shape, with a puffed rice appearance the most
Nevertheless, it is each individual pearls merits that determines value more
than the source of the Saltwater pearl oysters are usually cultivated in
protected lagoons or volcanic However, most freshwater cultured pearls
sold today come from Cultured pearls are the response of the shell to a
tissue A tiny piece of mantle tissue from a donor shell is transplanted
into a recipient This graft will form a pearl sac and the tissue will
precipitate calcium carbonate into this There are a number of options
for producing cultured pearls: use freshwater or seawater shells, transplant
the graft into the mantle or into the gonad, add a spherical bead or do it
The majority of saltwater cultured pearls are grown with
E
Regardless of the method used to acquire a pearl, the process usually takes
several Mussels must reach a mature age, which can take up t0 3 years,
and then be implanted or naturally receive an Once the irritant is
in place, it can take up to another 3 years for the pearl to reach its full
Often, the irritant may be rejected, the pearl will be terrifically misshapen, or
the oyster may simply die from disease or
countless other By the end
of a 5 t0 10 year cycle, only 50% of the
oysters will have And of the pearls
produced, only approximately 5% are of
substantial quality for top jewelry
From the outset, a pearl fanner can figure
on spending over $100 for every oyster
that is farmed, of which many will produce
nothing or
F
Imitation pearls are a different story
In most cases, a glass bead is
dipped into a solution made from fish
This coating is thin and may
eventually wear One can usually
tell an imitation by biting on Fake
pearls glide across your teeth, while the
layers of nacre on real pearls feel
The Island of Mallorca (in Spain) is known for its imitation pearl
Quality natural pearls are very rare The actual value of a natural pearl
is determined in the same way as it would be for other “precious”
The valuation factors include size, shape, color, quality of surface, orient
and In general, cultured pearls are less valuable than natural pearls,
whereas imitation pearls almost have no One way that jewelers can
determine whether a pearl is cultured or natural is to have a gem lab perform
an x-ray of the If the x-ray reveals a nucleus, the pearl is likely a beadnucleated
saltwater If no nucleus is present, but irregular and small dark
inner spots indicating a cavity are visible, combined with concentric rings of
organic substance, the pearl is likely a cultured Cultured freshwater
pearls can often be confused for natural pearls which present as homogeneous
pictures which continuously darken toward the surface of the Natural
pearls will often show larger cavities where organic matter has dried out and
Although imitation pearls look the part, they do not have the
same weight or smoothness as real pearls, and their luster will also dim
Among cultured pearls, Akoya pearls from Japan are some of the most
A good quality necklace of 40 Akoya pearls measuring 7mm in diameter sells
for about $1,500, while a super- high quality strand sells for about $4, Size
on the other hand, has to do with the age of the oyster that created the pearl (the
more mature oysters produce larger pearls) and the location in which the pearl
was The South Sea waters of Australia tend to produce the larger
pearls; probably because the water along the coast line is supplied with rich
nutrients from the ocean Also, the type of mussel common to the area
seems to possess a predilection for producing comparatively large
G
Historically, the world’s best pearls came from the Persian Gulf, especially
around what is now The pearls of the Persian Gulf were natural
created and collected by breath-hold The secret to the special luster of
Gulf pearls probably derived from the unique mixture of sweet and salt water
around the Unfortunately, the natural pearl industry of the Persian Gulf
ended abruptly in the early 1930’s with the discovery of large deposits of
Those who once dove for pearls sought prosperity in the economic boom
ushered in by the oil The water pollution resulting from spilled oil
and indiscriminate over-fishing of oysters essentially ruined the once pristine
pearl producing waters of the Today, pearl diving is practiced only as
a Still, Bahrain remains one of the foremost trading centers for high
quality In fact, cultured pearls are banned from the Bahrain pearl
market, in an effort to preserve the location’s Nowadays, the largest
stock of natural pearls probably resides in Ironically, much of India’s
stock of natural pearls came originally from Unlike Bahrain, which
has essentially lost its pearl resource, traditional pearl fishing is still practiced
on a small scale in
雅思真题 第2篇
一、雅思听力
和四六级听力相比猜题不同，雅思听力更偏在能够进行同义替换。同时如今考点很狡猾，稍不留神答案就选错了。
二、雅思阅读
与四六级进行比较，雅思阅读的题目更加长，同时生词更多，题目也变难了。雅思阅读难主要是难在需要我们自己去对应段落里找答案。这就需要我们有一双火眼金睛了!
三、雅思口语
大多数报考四六级的学生，根本不会想到要去考口语。但雅思口语却是必考的一项。若想拿到雅思口语的高分，肯定有：纯正的发音;地道的表达;严谨的论点，考官打分都是严格的根据这几点内容进行评判的。但针对考生而言依然是要日积月累地练习，在严密的论点、再地道的表达，都需要大量口语输入的积累。雅思口语我认为比较能掌控的就是话题，口语机经几乎是必中的。写出一个适合的模版，注意用词的契合度。
四、雅思写作
雅思写作主要考验大家的英语能力，每一次练习完雅思作文，根本不清楚你是否有很大的成就感。但国内压分十分的严重了，7分好像成为了一个不可逾越的鸿沟!英语不同于中文，它是一门需要极大语言逻辑性的，前后句子要有逻辑意义的关联。如果你想要短期内就拿下雅思写作高分，这也不是不可能，去把范文背起来吧!
雅思真题 第3篇
与考官见面用语
Glad to meet you
How nice to see
Fancy seeing
How are you?
I’m glad to have had the opportunity to meet you
I’m glad to meet
I’m please to meet
It’s a pleasure to meet
对考官所提问题完全听不懂
Could you please rephrase that question / topic?
I’m not exactly sure what you mean…
对考官所提问题似懂非懂
要核实对考官所提问题的理解是否正确
Do you mean…?
If I understand right,…
I’m sorry if I’m being a little slow, but…?
I’m sorry, I’m not sure I Do you mean (that)…?
So am I right in saying…?
If I’ve got the picture, then…
So what you mean is…, right?
Sorry I don’t quite catch You mean…?
Can I get one thing clear?
Would I be correct in supposing…?
对考官所提问题的内容不熟悉
I’m not exactly sure how to answer that question, but (perhaps)…
That’s a rather difficult question, but (maybe)…
I’m sorry, but I don’t know much about…
评价考官所提问题
That’s difficult to answer, but (maybe)…
I’m sorry, but I don’t know much about…but perhaps…
Maybe I can answer your question by telling you about a personal experience I
That’s an interesting question…let me Well, I suppose that…
Yes, that’s a big
雅思真题 第4篇
但凡接触过雅思真题或曾经亲历雅思考场的考生大多对TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN (另一种写法为YES/NO/NOT GIVEN)的题型颇有印象，原因有二：
一是此题型在考场上出现频率极高，仅以20XX年为例，全年48场雅思考试场场都有此题型的身影;
二是此题型虽然备选项只有三个，答题命中率在理论上比四选一的单选题还高，却颇不容易全盘做对。
下面笔者将带领读者一起来仔细认识与分析雅思阅读判定题的概念、套路、难点和解决之道。
雅思判断题的定义
理解判断题的第一步是理解TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN的定义，逐一分析如下：
TRUE (YES)的定义为the statement agrees with the information/the views (claims) of the writer，即“此说法与原文信息/作者的观点或主张相符”。这里的重点信息在于agree with的概念，此选项并非要求题干与原文的内容一模一样，而只要符合原文信息即可。
举个例子说明，原文句子说“这个女生长得很漂亮”，那么题干说“这个女生长得很好看”或“这小姑娘长相真是还可以”都是与原文信息相符，此时考生要选TRUE (YES)。
FALSE (NO)的定义为the statement contradicts the information，即“如果此说法与原文信息相矛盾和抵触”。这里的重点信息在于contradict一词：contra是“相反”“相违背”的意思，dict则是“陈述”“说明”的意思。也就是说，应选FALSE的题干与原文信息是相矛盾、相违背、相抵触的，原文中给出的已知信息可以直接或经过合理推理否定掉题干的内容。
比如，原文说“这个女生长得很漂亮”，那题干说“这姑娘长得真丑”就是错误的，或者题干说“这位小娘子貌似无颜”，也是错误的。
NOT GIVEN的定义为there is no information on this/it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this，即“此说法在原文中找不到”或“没法知道作者对此是怎么看的”。许多考生都将此视为最麻烦的一个选项，因为如果不能把整篇文章都看完并且看懂，每个NOT GIVEN的选项都是在惴惴不安的心情中写下的。
NOT GIVEN的情况其实可以分为以下两种：
① 原文中完全没有提及题干所说的相关内容，不过这种完全无中生有的题目比较罕见;
② 原文中提到的相关信息与题干内容不属于同一个范围或性质。
比如题干说“这个女生长得很好看”，而原文中提到的与“此女生”有关的内容是“这个女生是个善良的好孩子，这种情况下，长相和个性虽然都是在描述这个女生，但两者既不一致也不矛盾，此时考生应选NOT GIVEN。
雅思判定题出题套路
判断题的逻辑其实不难理解，但许多考生依然烦恼：看定义貌似懂了，一到做题的时候还是纠结不已。这跟考生的单词量、语法基础、长难句分析能力和思维习惯等方面都有关系。不过总结起来，每个选项的出题还是有一定套路的。
以下笔者来一一详述。
TRUE (YES)的出题套路
① 直接说对
“直接说对”指的是题干的意思与原文定位到的句子只是简单的同义替换，考生能直接判断题干所说与原文信息相符。
这样的题目其实是在考查考生的单词量大小，因为题干会使用不同的词汇对原文进行同义替换。
比如题干说long-term medical complaints，原文说chronic illnesses，考生就不但要认识long-term与chronic是同义替换关系，而且要明白medical与complaint组合在一起并不是“医疗投诉、医疗纠纷”这类意思，而是作为一个词组表示“疾病”。
备考此类题目的最好策略就是补充单词和词组。而备考的最好材料莫过于《剑桥雅思考试全真试题集》(以下简称《剑4》《剑5》等)系列。考生多看几篇以往的真题就会发现，有许多词汇和词组会高频地出现在不同题材的文章里，因此仔细研读真题文章中的生词能有效帮助解决词汇的问题。
② 间接说对
“间接说对”指的是有些题干需要根据原文某句话或几句话进行简单推理或综合理解才能判断其是TRUE (YES)。
应对此种情况，考生在读文章时请务必耐心一些，在定位到某句话而不能充分判断时，需根据情况补充上句话的背景信息或追加下句话的进一步信息，进而得出更准确的结论。
以下面这个真题为例。
例1：The survey concluded that one-fifth or 20% of the household transport requirement as outside the local (《剑七》Test 2 Passage 3第34题)
原文：Interesting facts regarding transport were found: 95% was on foot; 80% was within the locality; and 70% was related to the collection of water and firewood and travelling to grinding
解析：在定位到的原文句子里，考生虽然不能直接找到题干中的20%，但从原文中可以看出“本地范围内占80%”(80% was within the locality)，就可以推断出“本地范围外有20%”，由此得出本题应选TRUE。
③ 复杂同义表述
“复杂同义表述”指的是题干与定位到的原文句子同义替换更多更复杂，原文的表述方式也更曲折迂回，语序不符合中文读者理解习惯，考生有可能受自身语言能力所限看不出来题干与原文是同义替换。
针对此种情况，考生可以在考场上先跳过此题，集中精力解决其它更有把握的题目，以保证整体得分;也可以在平时备考中注意练习精读分析能力，让自己见多识广，看到多长的句子都心中不怵，能从容应对。
例2：Nineteenth-century studies of the nature of genius failed to take into account the uniqueness of the person’s (《剑8》Test 3 Passage 2第19题)
原文：However, the difficulty with the evidence produced by these studies, fascinating as they are in collecting together anecdotes and apparent similarities and exceptions, is that they are not what we would today call In other words, when, for instance, information is collated about early illnesses, methods of upbringing, schooling, , we must also take into account information from other historical sources about how common or exceptional these were at the
译文：但是，虽然(19世纪的)这些研究在收集汇总天才们的人生轶事以及他们之间显著的相似和与众不同这些方面颇为引人入胜，然而使用这些证据的困难之处在于，它们并不是我们今天所说的“常模参照”研究。换句话说，例如当我们收集关于早期疾病、儿童抚养方法、学校教育等信息时，我们必须也同时参考来自其他历史记载中的相关信息，考察这些情况在当时究竟是常见还是少见的。
解析：本题的题干是说“19世纪里对天才本质的研究没能考虑到此人养育方式的独特与否”，而从定位到的原文的译文可知，早期的研究确实没有考虑这些儿童养育方法等问题，由此本题应选TRUE。
这是一个利用长难句来考查考生阅读理解能力的典型例子，难度同时在于单词和耐心两处，很多考生都觉得，连读中文译文都有点不耐烦，要理解包含若干陌生单词的英语长句就更难了。
对此，考生最好的应对之道就是培养耐心，认真看。平时认真分析精读长难句，熟悉长难句的句式结构，在考场上就更能轻松地应对。
FALSE (NO)的出题套路
① 直接、明显的矛盾和抵触
有的题干与定位到的原文是明显的矛盾抵触关系，此时考生应选FALSE/NO选项。请看下面这个例子。
例3：Current thinking on humour has largely ignored Aristotle’s view on the (《剑5》Test 2 Passage 2第17题)
原文：But modern humour theorists have settled on some version of Aristotle’s belief that jokes are based on a reaction to or resolution of incongruity, when the punchline is either a nonsense or, though appearing silly, has a clever second
解析：虽然这道题定位到的原文句子生词很多，句子很长，但是对于“Aristotle’s belief that …”后面的东西考生通通不用看。考生需要弄清楚的是，现在对幽默的研究有没有忽略亚里士多德(Aristotle)的观点，有这个原文中的settle on (选定)就可以直接判断出，题干与原文是相互矛盾与抵触的。
② 间接不明显的矛盾和抵触
这种出题思路需要考生根据定位到的原文句子进行推断才能发现题干与原文的矛盾之处。这一题型专门用于对付那些想偷个小懒只找词汇的同义替换而不管整个句子到底在说什么的考生。请牢记：句子永远大于单独的词汇，不能只看单词而不管句子意思或上下文中的衔接关系。来看一个经典例子。
例4：The 1993 Sydney survey involved 289 patients who visited alternative therapists for acupuncture (《剑4》Test 2 Passage 2第22题)
原文：In 1993, Laver and his colleagues published a survey of 289 Sydney people who attended eight alternative therapists’ practices in These practices offered a wide range of alternative therapies from 25
解析：很多考生定位到上述原文句子之后，因为在原文句子中没有找到acupuncture (针灸疗法)这个不认识的词而选了NOT GIVEN选项。然而这里的两句话所给出的内容其实是可以否定掉题干的。从原文的意思可知，1993年悉尼调查里确实有289个病人，这些病人接受了八家诊所由25位治疗师提供的a wide range of (一系列)的治疗。换言之，这289位病人接受了各种治疗，由此可以反推知道他们接受的一定不是任何单一的治疗，而题干则说这289位病人接受的都是针灸疗法这一种，与原文产生矛盾，应选FALSE。
NOT GIVEN的出题套路
① 原文和题干的描述性质不同
这种出题思路对考生的英语阅读和理解水平要求都较高，因此按照这种思路出的题往往会让考生感到难以判断。举例说明，冷水与热水是矛盾的，因为它们都在描述“水的温度”这个属性;然而冷水与茶水则既不能说一致，也不能说彼此矛盾：这两者一个在说水的温度，另一个则说水的状态，此时考生应该选择NOT GIVEN。请看下面一个例子。
例5：Plato believed humour to be a sign of above-average (《剑5》Test 2 Passage 2第15题)
原文：Plato expressed the idea that humour is simply a delighted feeling of superiority over
解析：对比题干与定位到的原文，两者确实都是在说柏拉图对“幽默是什么”的表述，但原文说“幽默是感觉”，题干说“幽默是智商”，感觉和智商的性质不同，但并不彼此矛盾，此时考生应选NOT GIVEN。
② 把观点当事实，或把事实当观点
事实是客观的而观点是主观的，这二者既不一致也不矛盾。“某个人对于某件事怎么想”既不能等同于也不能否定掉这件事的客观定性。同理，客观定了性的某件事未必就意味着特定的某个人也是这么想。考生应该将事实与观点区分开。请看下面这个例子。
例6：The Lumiere Brothers’ film about the train was one of the greatest films ever (《剑6》Test 3 Passage 1第7题)
原文：One of the Lumiere Brothers’ earliest films was a 30-second piece which showed a section of a railway platform flooded with A train appears and heads straight for the And that is all that Yet the Russian director Andrei Tarkovsky, one of the greatest of all film artists, described the film as a ‘work of ’
解析：对比原文和题干，考生应该明白，原文说“最伟大的导演之一安德烈·塔可夫斯基(Andrei Tarkovsky)认为这部电影是天才之作”既不能等同于题干的“这部电影确实是最伟大的作品之一”，也无法否定掉题干的说法，因此此题只能选NOT GIVEN这项。
③ 把原文里出现的两个没有进行比较的内容放在一起比较
这种出题思路主要针对的是某些考生在考试中出现疲惫、马虎的心理，只单纯在原文中找到几个题干里的关键词就匆忙认为都被提及或表述一致，最终因为忽略了整句的意思而导致错选。
例7：Early peoples found it easier to count by using their fingers rather than a group of (《剑6》Test 2 Passage 3第40题)
原文：Counting is not directly related to the formation of a number concept because it is possible to count by matching the items being counted against a group of pebbles, grains of corn, or the counter’s
解析：此题的题干是将用手指数数与用石头数数进行了对比，然而在定位到的原文中却没有进行此种比较。这种“没有比较的比较”算是比较常见的NOT GIVEN选项的出题套路。
难点与解决之道
判断题的难点主要包括以下几点：
考生单词量不足，导致不能正确理解题干和原文
单词量不够并不仅仅是考生在应对判断题时所面临的问题，它是一个在所有英语考试中都令考生头疼的一个根本性问题。积累单词没有什么捷径，唯有少量多次、稳步积累、不断复习、巩固强化。一个人无论记忆力多么超乎常人，也不大可能日背千词、过目不忘。而制订合理的背单词计划，考生哪怕每天只补充10~20个单词，只要坚持下去，日积月累也能收获回报。
考生对单词意思了解不足，导致理解错误
部分考生在背诵单词时只记中文释义，不结合例句来理解，这样即使强记下了单词意思，却往往会导致对单词的意思了解不足。
例如，contemporary一词的释义是“当代的，现代的”，但要注意：不是只有我们的当下才能称为“当代”，任何一个给定时间点都有自己的“当代”，比如，与李白contemporary的人有杜甫，与莎士比亚contemporary的人有伊丽莎白一世女王。如果看到这个单词就将它等同于modern来理解，就有可能因为误解而做出错误选择。
如何避免出现这样的情况呢?
最好的办法莫过于对剑桥雅思真题里的文章进行仔细分析和精读，在语境下真正弄懂单词、词组和固定搭配的用法，储备真正掌握了的词汇来应对考试。
考生读题马虎，过度推理，导致误解了题干或原文句子
这个问题其实最不应该发生在考场上，却往往是考生容易“大意失荆州”之处。举个笔者的学生曾经产生过误解的例子：“Archaeology is a more demanding field of study than ” 这个题干原本表达的意思是“考古学是一门比人类学更加艰深的研究领域”，笔者的学生却曾将它理解成“考古学比人类学需要做更多的田野调查”，出现这个问题的原因是考生将field与study之间的那个of看漏了。
这样的问题该如何克服?
考生可以通过加大平时的英文阅读量来解决，熟能生巧，读得多了就能准确而快速地理解所读英文的真正意思。
雅思真题 第5篇
雅思阅读考试题型比较多，而且文章信息量比较大，对于考生来说时间比较紧迫。那么雅思阅读怎么备考效果更好呢?接下来小编为大家分享一些雅思阅读备考经验，希望能帮助到各位考生在备考中更有效的学习。
雅思阅读中题目的类型是影响雅思阅读分数一个明显因素，尤其是匹配题更是其中的重中之重，主要考察信息查找定位和同义词理解，强调在原文中查找细节信息的能力。而考生无法准确提高匹配题的精准度也是无法获得高分的重要原因之一。
对于第一次备考雅思阅读的考生来说，往往都找不到正确的复习方法，埋头刷了很多题，试了网上流传的各种乱七八糟的方法，分数却始终没有实质性的进展，因为使用了错误的复习备考方法。
雅思阅读基本要求是这样的，一是单词和语法雅思是个没有大纲的考试，很多人会很担心，是不是需要大量的词汇。作为一个纯粹的语言测试，雅思考试无非要保证你在国外可以干两件事情，第一个就是正常的人际交往，你要跟同学老师交流、跟周围的工作人员交流，这个时候没有一定的词汇量是不行的。
其次，虽然是阅读一些科普性的或者是教科书式的材料，基本词汇量还是要有的，尤其是学术词汇，这个比例不是特别高。大家在网上可以找到一个列表叫做ACADEMICWORD LIST，这个列表收集了很多学术论文、教材当中频繁出现的单词，如果你把这个列表里的词会背的很熟，你在雅思阅读当中所看到的词汇也不会特别陌生。
关于语法，这个存在比较大的误区，很多同学从小到大被中国的英语考试折腾的烦不胜烦，大量的词义辨析和对语法书中细枝末节知识点的考查，已经让大家到了谈语法色变的地步。但是在雅思阅读当中对语法的考察主要是识别，也就是考察你在面对一个结构复杂的长句的时候能否快速有效地抓出句子的主干成分，进而绕过语法障碍理解句意的能力。
雅思真题 第6篇
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1
Cork
Cork - the thick bark of the cork oak tree (Quercus suber) - is a remarkable It is tough, elastic, buoyant, and fire-resistant, and suitable for a wide range of It has also been used for millennia: the ancient Egyptians sealed their sarcophagi (stone coffins) with cork, while the ancient Greeks and Romans used it for anything from beehives to
And the cork oak itself is an extraordinary Its bark grows up to 20 cm in thickness, insulating the tree like a coat wrapped around the trunk and branches and keeping the inside at a constant 20℃ all year Developed most probably as a defence against forest fires, the bark of the cork oak has a particular cellular structure - with about 40 million cells per cubic centimetre - that technology has never succeeded in The ceils are filled with air, which is why cork is so
It also has an elasticity that means you can squash it and watch it spring back to its original size and shape when you release the
Cork oaks grow in a number of Mediterranean countries, including Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece and They flourish in warm, sunny climates where there is a minimum of 400 millimetres of rain per year, and not more than 800 Like grape vines, the trees thrive in poor soil, putting down deep roots in search of moisture and Southern Portugal’s Alentejo region meets all of these requirements, which explains why, by the early 20th century, this region had become the world’s largest producer of cork, and why today it accounts for roughly half of all cork production around the
Most cork forests are Many of these family businesses, and indeed many of the trees themselves, are around 200 years Cork production is, above all, an exercise in From the planting of a cork sapling to the first harvest takes 25 years, and a gap of approximately a decade must separate harvests from an individual And for top-quality cork, it’s necessary to wait a further 15 or 20 You even have to wait for the right kind of summer’s day to harvest If the bark is stripped on a day when it’s too cold - or when the air is damp - the tree will be
Cork harvesting is a very specialised No mechanical means of stripping cork bark has been invented, so the job is done by teams of highly skilled First, they make vertical cuts down the bark using small sharp axes, then lever it away in pieces as large as they can The most skilful cork- strippers prise away a semi-circular husk that runs the length of the trunk from just above ground level to the first It is then dried on the ground for about four months, before being taken to factories, where it is boiled to kill any insects that might remain in the Over 60% of cork then goes on to be made into traditional bottle stoppers, with most of the remainder being used in the construction Corkboard and cork tiles are ideal for thermal and acoustic insulation, while granules of cork are used in the manufacture of
Recent years have seen the end of the virtual monopoly of cork as the material for bottle stoppers, due to concerns about the effect it may have on the contents of the This is caused by a chemical compound called 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA), which forms through the interaction of plant phenols, chlorine and The tiniest concentrations - as little as three or four parts to a trillion - can spoil the taste of the product contained in the The result has been a gradual yet steady move first towards plastic stoppers and, more recently, to aluminium screw These substitutes are cheaper to manufacture and, in the case of screw caps, more convenient for the
The classic cork stopper does have several advantages, Firstly, its traditional image is more in keeping with that of the type of high quality goods with which it has long been Secondly - and very importantly - cork is a sustainable product that can be recycled without Moreover, cork forests are a resource which support local biodiversity, and prevent desertification in the regions where they are So, given the current concerns about environmental issues, the future of this ancient material once again looks
following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
1 The cork oak has the thickest bark of any living
2 Scientists have developed a synthetic cork with the same cellular structure as natural
3 Individual cork oak trees must be left for 25 years between the first and second
4 Cork bark should be stripped in dry atmospheric
5 The only way to remove the bark from cork oak trees is by
Questions 6-13
Complete the notes
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each
Write your answers in boxes 6-13 on your answer
Comparison of aluminium screw caps and cork bottle stoppers
Advantages of aluminium screw caps
? do not affect the 6 ______ of the bottle contents
? are 7 ______ to produce
? are 8 ______ to use
Advantages of cork bottle stoppers
? suit the 9 ______ of quality products
? made from a 10 ______ material
? easily 11 ______
? cork forests aid 12 ______
? cork forests stop 13 ______ happening
雅思真题 第7篇
TEST 2 PASSAGE 2 参考译文：
食品的真正代价
A 40多年来食品价格一直呈上涨趋势。现在已经涨到了越来越多的人都认为太高的程度，很多人认为21 世纪面临的巨大挑战之一就是降低食品价格。然而，这代价不并非立即付现的。毕竟，相对于1960年而言，至少在西方国家，现在大多数食品按相对价值计算反而是便宜多了，这代价恰恰是使食品变便宜的生产方式本身所造成的间接伤害。这伤害包括现代工业化农业所造成的水资源污染，土壤贫瘠，野生动植物破坏，对动物权益的损害以及对人类健康的威胁。
B现代农业的发展首先是机械化生产，接着就是化肥和杀虫剂的大量使用，然后是单一种植，再后来就是笼养家禽家畜，直到现在的基因工程，在过去的半个世纪里，随着产量的激增，密集型农业前进的步伐似乎已经锐不可当，但其也造成巨大的破坏。例如，在英国，许多深受人们喜爱的农田鸟类，比如云雀，灰山鹑、麦鸡和黍鹀，还有更多的野花和昆虫，都已经从乡村大片的土地上消失了。这就是过去40年里我们的农业生产方式所造成的直接后果。无数的灌木丛、大片的池塘已经从我们的土地上消失了。养殖大马哈鱼的排泄物将野生大马哈鱼逐出了苏格兰的海湾和河流。由于长期使用化肥和杀虫剂，很多地区的自然土壤肥力正在下降，而湖里的藻类却因为化肥废料而不断疯长。
C上面所述种.种使我们的土地看上去就像满目疮痍的战场，但消费者在餐桌上的时候却很少联想到这些。这主要因为这些代价是经济学家们所说的“外部经济效应”，它们不在如生产或出售一块地里的小麦那样的主要交易过程之中，而且它们也不是由生产者和消费者直接来承担的。对很多人来说，这代价甚至根本不属于经济范畴，仅仅与审美相关，很遗憾和金钱没有任何关系。而且不管怎样，作为食品消费者，他们当然不必为这代价自掏腰包，不是吗?
D但这代价对社会的影响却是可以量化的，累积能高到吓人的地步。一项引人注目的将代价量化的活动已经完成。埃塞克斯大学社会与环境研究中心的主任Jules Pretty教授负责了该活动，他是位关注农业未来的领军思想家。Pretty教授和他的同事计算了某一年中英国农业外部经济效应的价值。他们综合了修复损坏所需的费用，得出的总数造二十三亿四千三百万英镑，具体到每公顷耕地和永久性牧场则为二百零八英镑，几乎和当年英国政府及欧盟在英国农业上的投人相当，据Pretty教授说这还是保守估计。
E这些费用包括：一亿两千万英镑用于消除杀虫剂;一千六百万英镑用于消除硝酸盐;五千五百万英镑用于消除土壤中的磷酸盐;两千三百万英镑用于自来水公司清除引用水中所含有的隐孢子虫病菌;一亿两千五百万英镑用来修复野生动物柄息地、灌木以及石墙所受到的损坏;十一亿一千三百万英镑用来治理可能会导致气候变化的尾气;一亿零六百万英镑用在治理土壤腐蚀和有机碳流失上;一亿六千九百万英镑用于食品中毒;六亿零七百万英镑用于治疗牲畜疾病。由此Pretty教授得出了一个简单但却惊人的结论：实际上我们的食品花销翻了三倍。我们正用三种不同的方式为认为便宜了的食物买单：一是在柜台付款，二通过纳税，税收提供了强大的经济支柱，三是收拾现代农业生产留下的烂摊子。
F那么食品的真正花销能降下来吗?对于一些国家来说，通过摆脱工业化农业解决饥饿问题也许相当困难，但在英国，对粮食的需求相对缓和，并且大家都清楚看到了密集型农业所耗费的成本和带来的破坏为现代密集型企业，放弃现代化农业更为可行。政府有必要设立可持续性、有竞争力和多样化的农业及粮食生产部门，这一定会为农村经济的繁荣和可持续发展做出贡献，并加快实现环境、经济、健康以及动物福利方面的目标。
G但如果工业化农业将被取代，可行的替代办法又是什么呢?Pretty教授感觉对于许多农民来说，有机农业在思想上和实践上都是一个很大的跨越。并且，有机产品的高价格使得许多比较贫困的消费者无力购买。他推荐尽快引入“绿色食品标准”，这会促使市场朝着比现行标准更环保的方向发展，而又不必全部投入有机农业生产。
“绿色食品标准”将涵盖不同农业经贸上的共认做法，包括农用化学品的使用、土壤质量、土地经营管理模式、水资源及能源利用、食品安全以及动物健康等。Pretty教授认为，这一标准将对消费者和农场主从传统的农业转向可持续发展农业大有裨益。
TEST 2 PASSAGE 3 参考译文：
马科特乡村一体化交通项目
Section A
八十年代初，非洲许多常规道路运输项目令人失望的结果使得一些专家开始重新思考解决乡村交通问题的策略，恰逢坦桑尼亚西南部偏远的马科特地区要求帮助改善当地的交通状况，为试验新策略提供了机会。
在对当地农村家庭出行需求的调查中，一体化的农村交通运输理念被采纳了进来。这个理念的目标就是通过改善农村交通体系，使当地人能减少获取基本物资和服务所费的时间和精力。该理念的基本假设就是能把节省下来的时间用来开展能够促进当地社会和经济发展的活动。马科特乡村一体化交通项目开始于1985年，由瑞士开发公司出资资助，坦桑尼亚政府负责协调工作。
Section B
项目刚开始的时候，雨季的马科特几乎完全与世隔绝。当地路况十分糟糕，通往主要城镇的道路一年中有三个月的时间都是无法通行的，地区内道路交通少得出奇，北部地区可选择的交通工具只有驴。居民主要靠步行，一下雨这些小路就泥泞不堪，十分危险。
在提出解决办法之前，先要了解问题所在。施工方对当地人的出行需求了解甚微，因此在工程的第一阶段(从1985年12月到1987年12月)，他们集中精力进行调研。据对马科特地区400多个家庭进行的社会经济调查显示，平均每家每天要花上7个小时用于出行和运输物资这组数据看起来很极端，但从非洲其他乡村得到的数据也是一样的。调查人员还发现了一些与交通相关的很有趣的事情：当地95%的居民出门基本靠走，80%的居民活动范围只限于本地，70%的人出行是为了挑水砍柴和去磨坊。
Section C
确定了主要的交通需求，施工方制订了可行性解决方案，这将节省时间，减轻负担。在第二阶段(1991年1、2月间)，为提高交通的灵活性和便利性，实施了许多方案。
改进地区的路网是保证货物进出口业务的必要条件，而这些改进措施严重依赖劳动力。除了改善路况，还提供机械车间方面的培训以及公共汽车和卡车服务。然而，与常规方法不同的是，这次除了公路网外，还考虑到了本地交通需求。
大多数物资是通过小路运输的，这些小路为上下山提供了捷径，但却需要冒着很大的生命危险，要是步行就更艰难了。所以，通过修建台阶、扶手和人行桥等来改善路况是有意义的。
要找到比步行更有效率、比机动车技术含低的交通方式可不是件容易的事。由于价格昂贵又缺少可用的零配件，自行车的使用受到了限制。当地人根本就不把牛当成交通工具，但在北部地区有些居民把驴当成运输工具。马科特乡村一体化交通项目致力于找到最适合当地居民的交通工具，这种工具必须是现有的、居民们买得起又愿意接受的东西。经过仔细考虑，项目最终决定推广驴(在当地，驴子比自行车便宜)和一种当地生产的独轮车。
Section D
第二阶段结束的时候，显而易见，这些为马科特地区量身打造的解决办法都取得了不同程度的成功。第三阶段从1991年3月到1993年3月，致力于改进这些解决方法并使之制度化。
道路状况的改善以及配套的道路养护制度已经使得人们全年都可到达地区中心，也更容易在市场上买到来自外地的基本物资，价格也不像以前那样起伏不定。
只有愿意参与道路建设与养护的社区提出要求时，施工方才会去帮助他们改善小路和二级公路。然而，当地居民对改善后的路况很满意。因此，刚完成几项改进，就有更多人提出了协助请求。
由于当地大多数机动车发生故障时没有条件修理，所以提升现有交通服务效率的努力并不是很成功。由于当地人普遍没什么钱，甚至连推广低价交通工具也成了难题，除了少数家庭外，本地制造的独轮车对多数家庭来讲还是过于昂贵。当地木匠对初始设计的独轮车加以更改，降低了生产时间和成本。当地的另外一些木匠也接受新设计的培训，以满足人们的需求。然而，尽管当地生产的木质独轮车只要5000坦桑尼亚先令(不到20美元)，仅相当于金属独轮车价钱的四分之一，但对于大多数当地居民来说还是太贵了。
引进的驴子反倒变得越来越受欢迎，在将农作物和物资运往市场方面大显身手。买驴的主要是当地稍微富裕一些的家庭，不过通过本地繁殖，驴的供应会有所增加，价钱也会更便宜。与此同时，当地正推广现有驴子的出租业务。
然而需要注意的是，一头驴要花费20,000坦桑尼亚先令，虽然比自行车便宜，但这笔投资仍相当于一个当地家庭半年多的收人。这很清楚地表明，要帮助贫困的乡村地区，还需要其他的辅助措施。
Section E
由于项目初期采用了自上而下的办法，即没有传达给当地社区，专家和政府官员就作出了决定，因此，要批评马科特乡村一体化交通项目简直易如反掌，但是从当地政府层开始这一项目是很必要的。要是没有当地政府的支持和理解，当地村民和其他农村住户的需求就很难得到满足。
Section F
现在，当地没有人再争论改善道路状况及推广廉价交通工具的重要性了。这是长期倾力工作的结果，尤其是负责当地社区发展的政府官员的努力。他们在提高内地居民意识、调动他们积极性的过程中发挥了重要作用。
如今，一体化乡村交通这一理念在坦桑尼亚已经深入人心，另一个重于的乡村交通项目也即将在此开展。从马科特项目中所获得的经验将大有帮助，马科特地区也会为将来的项目提供很好的参考范例。
雅思真题 第8篇
READING PASSAGE 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1
THE STORY OF SILK
The history of the world’s most luxurious fabric, from ancient China to the present day
Silk is a fine, smooth material produced from the cocoons — soft protective shells — that are made by mulberry silkworms (insect larvae). Legend has it that it was Lei Tzu, wife of the Yellow Emperor, ruler of China in about 3000 BC, who discovered One account of the story goes that as she was taking a walk in her husband’s gardens, she discovered that silkworms were responsible for the destruction of several mulberry She collected a number of cocoons and sat down to have a It just so happened that while she was sipping some tea, one of the cocoons that she had collected landed in the hot tea and started to unravel into a fine Lei Tzu found that she could wind this thread around her Subsequently, she persuaded her husband to allow her to rear silkworms on a grove of mulberry She also devised a special reel to draw the fibres from the cocoon into a single thread so that they would be strong enough to be woven into While it is unknown just how much of this is true, it is certainly known that silk cultivation has existed in China for several
Originally, silkworm farming was solely restricted to women, and it was they who were responsible for the growing, harvesting and Silk quickly grew into a symbol of status, and originally, only royalty were entitled to have clothes made of The rules were gradually relaxed over the years until finally during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911 AD), even peasants, the lowest caste, were also entitled to wear Sometime during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD), silk was so prized that it was also used as a unit of Government officials were paid their salary in silk, and farmers paid their taxes in grain and Silk was also used as diplomatic gifts by the Fishing lines, bowstrings, musical instruments and paper were all made using The earliest indication of silk paper being used was discovered in the tomb of a noble who is estimated to have died around 168
Demand for this exotic fabric eventually created the lucrative trade route now known as the Silk Road, taking silk westward and bringing gold, silver and wool to the It was named the Silk Road after its most precious commodity, which was considered to be worth more than The Silk Road stretched over 6,000 kilometres from Eastern China to the Mediterranean Sea, following the Great Wall of China, climbing the Pamir mountain range, crossing modern-day Afghanistan and going on to the Middle East, with a major trading market in From there, the merchandise was shipped across the Mediterranean Few merchants travelled the entire route; goods were handled mostly by a series of
With the mulberry silkworm being native to China, the country was the world’s sole producer of silk for many hundreds of The secret of silk-making eventually reached the rest of the world via the Byzantine Empire, which ruled over the Mediterranean region of southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East during the period 330-1453 According to another legend, monks working for the Byzantine emperor Justinian smuggled silkworm eggs to Constantinople (Istanbul in modern-day Turkey) in 550 AD, concealed inside hollow bamboo walking The Byzantines were as secretive as the Chinese, however, and for many centuries the weaving and trading of silk fabric was a strict imperial Then in the seventh century, the Arabs conquered Persia, capturing their magnificent silks in the Silk production thus spread through Africa, Sicily and Spain as the Arabs swept through these Andalusia in southern Spain was Europe’s main silk-producing centre in the tenth By the thirteenth century, however, Italy had become Europe’s leader in silk production and Venetian merchants traded extensively in silk and encouraged silk growers to settle in Even now, silk processed in the province of Como in northern Italy enjoys an esteemed
The nineteenth century and industrialisation saw the downfall of the European silk Cheaper Japanese silk, trade in which was greatly facilitated by the opening of the Suez Canal, was one of the many factors driving the Then in the twentieth century, new manmade fibres, such as nylon, started to be used in what had traditionally been silk products, such as stockings and The two world wars, which interrupted the supply of raw material from Japan, also stifled the European silk After the Second World War, Japan’s silk production was restored, with improved production and quality of raw Japan was to remain the world’s biggest producer of raw silk, and practically the only major exporter of raw silk, until the However, in more recent decades, China has gradually recaptured its position as the world’s biggest producer and exporter of raw silk and silk Today, around 125,000 metric tons of silk are produced in the world, and almost two thirds of that production takes place in
Questions 1-9
Complete the notes
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each
Write your answers in boxes 1-9 on your answer
THE STORY OF SILK
Early silk production in China
Around 3000 BC, according to legend:
- silkworm cocoon fell into emperor’s wife’s 1 __________
- emperor’s wife invented a 2 __________ to pull out silk fibres
Only 3 __________ were allowed to produce silk
Only 4 __________ were allowed to wear silk
Silk used as a form of 5 __________
- farmers’ taxes consisted partly of silk
Silk used for many purposes
- evidence found of 6 __________ made from silk around 168 AD
Silk reaches rest of world
Merchants use Silk Road to take silk westward and bring back 7 __________ and precious metals
550 AD: 8 __________ hide silkworm eggs in canes and take them to Constantinople
Silk production spreads across Middle East and Europe
20th century: 9 __________ and other manmade fibres cause decline in silk production
Questions 10-13
Do the following statements agree with the information in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
10 Gold was the most valuable material transported along the Silk
11 Most tradesmen only went along certain sections of the Silk
12 The Byzantines spread the practice of silk production across the
13 Silk yarn makes up the majority of silk currently exported from
READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2
Great Migrations
Animal migration, however it is defined, is far more than just the movement of It can loosely be described as travel that takes place at regular intervals ?— often in an annual cycle — that may involve many members of a species, and is rewarded only after a long It suggests inherited The biologist Hugh Dingle has identified five characteristics that apply, in varying degrees and combinations, to all They are prolonged movements that carry animals outside familiar habitats; they tend to be linear, not zigzaggy; they involve special behaviours concerning preparation (such as overfeeding) and arrival; they demand special allocations of And one more: migrating animals maintain an intense attentiveness to the greater mission, which keeps them undistracted by temptations and undeterred by challenges that would turn other animals
An arctic tern, on its 20,000 km flight from the extreme south of South America to the Arctic circle, will take no notice of a nice smelly herring offered from a bird-watcher’s boat along the While local gulls will dive voraciously for such handouts, the tern flies Why? The arctic tern resists distraction because it is driven at that moment by an instinctive sense of something we humans find admirable: larger In other words, it is determined to reach its The bird senses that it can eat, rest and mate Right now it is totally focused on the journey; its undivided intent is
Reaching some gravelly coastline in the Arctic, upon which other arctic terns have converged, will serve its larger purpose as shaped by evolution: finding a place, a time, and a set of circumstances in which it can successfully hatch and rear
But migration is a complex issue, and biologists define it differently, depending in part on what sorts of animals they Joe! Berger, of the University of Montana, who works on the American pronghorn and other large terrestrial mammals, prefers what he calls a simple, practical definition suited to his beasts: ‘movements from a seasonal home area away to another home area and back again’. Generally the reason for such seasonal back-and-forth movement is to seek resources that aren’t available within a single area
But daily vertical movements by zooplankton in the ocean — upward by night to seek food, downward by day to escape predators — can also be considered So can the movement of aphids when, having depleted the young leaves on one food plant, their offspring then fly onward to a different host plant, with no one aphid ever returning to where it
Dingle is an evolutionary biologist who studies His definition is more intricate than Berger’s, citing those five features that distinguish migration from other forms of They allow for the fact that, for example, aphids will become sensitive to blue light (from the sky) when it’s time for takeoff on their big journey, and sensitive to yellow light (reflected from tender young leaves) when it’s appropriate to Birds will fatten themselves with heavy feeding in advance of a long migrational The value of his definition, Dingle argues, is that it focuses attention on what the phenomenon of wildebeest migration shares with the phenomenon of the aphids, and therefore helps guide researchers towards understanding how evolution has produced them
Human behaviour, however, is having a detrimental impact on animal The pronghorn, which resembles an antelope, though they are unrelated, is the fastest land mammal of the New One population, which spends the summer in the mountainous Grand Teton National Park of the western USA, follows a narrow route from its summer range in the mountains, across a river, and down onto the Here they wait out the frozen months, feeding mainly on sagebrush blown clear of These pronghorn are notable for the invariance of their migration route and the severity of its constriction at three If they can’t pass through each of the three during their spring migration, they can’t reach their bounty of summer grazing; if they can’t pass through again in autumn, escaping south onto those windblown plains, they are likely to die trying to overwinter in the deep Pronghorn, dependent on distance vision and speed to keep safe from predators, traverse high, open shoulders of land, where they can see and At one of the bottlenecks, forested hills rise to form a V, leaving a corridor of open ground only about 150 metres wide, filled with private Increasing development is leading toward a crisis for the pronghorn, threatening to choke off their
Conservation scientists, along with some biologists and land managers within the USA’s National Park Service and other agencies, are now working to preserve migrational behaviours, not just species and A National Forest has recognised the path of the pronghorn, much of which passes across its land, as a protected migration But neither the Forest Service nor the Park Service can control what happens on private land at a And with certain other migrating species, the challenge is complicated further — by vastly greater distances traversed, more jurisdictions, more borders, more dangers along the We will require wisdom and resoluteness to ensure that migrating species can continue their journeying a while
Questions 14-18
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
14 Local gulls and migrating arctic terns behave in the same way when offered
15 Experts’ definitions of migration tend to vary according to their area of
16 Very few experts agree that the movement of aphids can be considered
17 Aphids’ journeys are affected by changes in the light that they
18 Dingle’s aim is to distinguish between the migratory behaviours of different
Questions 19-22
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-G,
Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 19-22 on your answer
19 According to Dingle, migratory routes are likely to
20 To prepare for migration, animals are likely to
21 During migration, animals are unlikely to
22 Arctic terns illustrate migrating animals’ ability to
A be discouraged by
B travel on open land where they can look out for
C eat more than they need for immediate
D be repeated
E ignore
F be governed by the availability of
G follow a straight
Questions 23-26
Complete the summary
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each
Write your answers in boxes 23-26 on your answer
The migration of pronghorns
Pronghorns rely on their eyesight and 23 __________ to avoid One particular population’s summer habitat is a national park, and their winter home is on the 24 __________, where they go to avoid the danger presented by the snow at that time of However, their route between these two areas contains three 25 One problem is the construction of new homes in a narrow 26 __________ of land on the pronghorns’
READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3
Preface to ‘How the other half thinks: Adventures in mathematical reasoning’
A Occasionally, in some difficult musical compositions, there are beautiful, but easy parts — parts so simple a beginner could play So it is with mathematics as There are some discoveries in advanced mathematics that do not depend on specialized knowledge, not even on algebra, geometry, or Instead they may involve, at most, a little arithmetic, such as ‘the sum of two odd numbers is even’, and common Each of the eight chapters in this book illustrates this Anyone can understand every step in the
The thinking in each chapter uses at most only elementary arithmetic, and sometimes not even Thus all readers will have the chance to participate in a mathematical experience, to appreciate the beauty of mathematics, and to become familiar with its logical, yet intuitive, style of
B One of my purposes in writing this book is to give readers who haven’t had the opportunity to see and enjoy real mathematics the chance to appreciate the mathematical way of I want to reveal not only some of the fascinating discoveries, but, more importantly, the reasoning behind
In that respect, this book differs from most books on mathematics written for the general Some present the lives of colorful Others describe important applications of Yet others go into mathematical procedures, but assume that the reader is adept in using
C I hope this book will help bridge that notorious gap that separates the two cultures: the humanities and the sciences, or should I say the right brain (intuitive) and the left brain (analytical, numerical). As the chapters will illustrate, mathematics is not restricted to the analytical and numerical; intuition plays a significant The alleged gap can be narrowed or completely overcome by anyone, in part because each of us is far from using the full capacity of either side of the To illustrate our human potential, I cite a structural engineer who is an artist, an electrical engineer who is an opera singer, an opera singer who published mathematical research, and a mathematician who publishes short
D Other scientists have written books to explain their fields to non-scientists, but have necessarily had to omit the mathematics, although it provides the foundation of their The reader must remain a tantalized spectator rather than an involved participant, since the appropriate language for describing the details in much of science is mathematics, whether the subject is expanding universe, subatomic particles, or Though the broad outline of a scientific theory can be sketched intuitively, when a part of the physical universe is finally understood, its description often looks like a page in a mathematics
E Still, the non-mathematical reader can go far in understanding mathematical This book presents the details that illustrate the mathematical style of thinking, which involves sustained, step-by-step analysis, experiments, and You will turn these pages much more slowly than when reading a novel or a It may help to have a pencil and paper ready to check claims and carry out
F As I wrote, I kept in mind two types of readers: those who enjoyed mathematics until they were turned off by an unpleasant episode, usually around fifth grade, and mathematics aficionados, who will find much that is new throughout the
This book also serves readers who simply want to sharpen their analytical Many careers, such as law and medicine, require extended, precise Each chapter offers practice in following a sustained and closely argued line of That mathematics can develop this skill is shown by these two testimonials:
G A physician wrote, ‘The discipline of analytical thought processes [in mathematics] prepared me extremely well for medical In medicine one is faced with a problem which must be thoroughly analyzed before a solution can be The process is similar to doing ’
A lawyer made the same point, ‘Although I had no background in law — not even one political science course — I did well at one of the best law I attribute much of my success there to having learned, through the study of mathematics, and, in particular, theorems, how to analyze complicated Lawyers who have studied mathematics can master the legal principles in a way that most others ’
I hope you will share my delight in watching as simple, even na?ve, questions lead to remarkable solutions and purely theoretical discoveries find unanticipated
Questions 27-34
Reading Passage 3 has seven sections,
Which section contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 27-34 on your answer
NB You may use any letter more than
27 a reference to books that assume a lack of mathematical knowledge
28 the way in which this is not a typical book about mathematics
29 personal examples of being helped by mathematics
30 examples of people who each had abilities that seemed incompatible
31 mention of different focuses of books about mathematics
32 a contrast between reading this book and reading other kinds of publication
33 a claim that the whole of the book is accessible to everybody
34 a reference to different categories of intended readers of this book
Questions 35-40
Complete the sentences
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each
Write your answers in boxes 35-40 on your answer
35 Some areas of both music and mathematics are suitable for someone who is a
36 It is sometimes possible to understand advanced mathematics using no more than a limited knowledge of
37 The writer intends to show that mathematics requires __________ thinking, as well as analytical
38 Some books written by __________ have had to leave out the mathematics that is central to their
39 The writer advises non-mathematical readers to perform __________ while reading the
40 A lawyer found that studying __________ helped even more than other areas of mathematics in the study of
雅思真题 第9篇
Describe a person who was helpful to your work or
You should say:
Who it was;
What this person did;
How this person helped;
and explain how you felt after this person helped
解析：
题目要求描述一个对你工作或者学习有帮助的人。需要告知这个人是谁，ta做了些什么，如何帮助你的，并
且阐述一下这个人在帮助你之后的一些感受。
My colleague Jenny was the answer to the She is a warm-hearted and smart The first two months in my current company was a hard time when I met all kinds of I couldn’t adapt to the new environment or catch the pace of the But as a newbie, I really wanted to perform Everyone seemed unfriendly and cold except Jenny saw through my awkwardness and uneasiness in the first week because I was always the latest one to One day she seemed to intentionally wait for me for a long time to go with her and asked me what she could do for Since we were in the same department, I was very thankful to her I expressed my confusions and helplessness of my She gave me some useful advice and time management Offering her working experience, she showed a great sense of understanding to my In the following days, she even encouraged me to communicate with other Everything began to be on track since
I once asked Jenney that why she was willing to offer me so much help during that She said she thought that I was a great and ambitious And more importantly, I looked like her little Oh my It’s my look that plays a role! However, I will appreciate her kindness all the The story told me to be more open minded to a new There are always nice guys who are willing to make contacts with Moreover, try to become a warm-hearted and enthusiastic person just like Be a torch that will illuminate others’ dark sky, which is also worthwhile to remember when you are
雅思真题 第10篇
Nowadays it is more convenient and easier for people to travel to other Do you think the positive effects exceed the negative effects?
雅思写作题目讲解：
解析这道雅思写作题目之前大体介绍下作为出现概率最高的“对立双方题型”的几种分类。对立双方题型大体上可以分为：
客观现象的优缺点题型 对idea无明显限制的观点题 对idea有限制的观点题
对于第和第3类题型。等到具体雅思写作题目是给大家做具体的解释。该题属于第一类。这类题中，考官出题会频繁地使用 “advantages”“disadvantages”“positive””negative”等关键字。通常来说此类雅思写作题目在想法上对于考生没有过多 的限制，因此，从这个角度上来讲，此类雅思写作题目偏简单。
旅游的好处：
丰富了人们的生活。
扩大人的交际圈
刺激当地经济的发展
促进了不同国家，不同地域人的交流 等等
旅游的坏处：
带来文化的冲突，使得不同民族，种族的人的偏见更激化。
对当地的环境带来污染。
下面提供上述素材中其中一个的具体行文 (此趋势丰富了人的生活)：
鉴于这个雅思写作题目做到切题不难，所以期望高分的同学可以在句式上可以考虑在句式上花点功夫，其中一个常用的办法是在主语和谓语中插入定语，以此来使得一个句子传递的信息更具体。
比如：下划线属于定语
一个在弗吉尼亚吃完早饭的人可以在晚上欣赏紫禁城的夜色。
An individual having had breakfast in Virginia could enjoy the enchanting night over the Forbidden
Everyone has a desire to experience a desire to visit a place that one has never been to and to have knowledge of how people in other parts of the world Whereas, in the past when distances were a barrier, our ancestors were deprived of the chance, being only able to reach a land within several days’ However, this has not been a concern thanks to this The convenience of transport has allowed an individual having had breakfast in Virginia to enjoy the enchanting night over the Forbidden
雅思写作范文：
Never before was travelling to alien countries so convenient and popular as in this This phenomenon is partially attributed to improved technology and cheap flight Facing this travel frenzy, some are concerned that it will bring about too many side effects whilst others insist that is should be supported and
以前从未有过像本世纪这样方便和流行的异国旅行。这种现象的部分原因是技术进步和机票价格便宜。面对这种旅游狂潮，一些人担心它会带来太多的副作用，而另一些人则坚持认为应该得到支持和维护。
Admittedly, cross-border travel has more downsides than Firstly, the carbon dioxide planes emitted is reported to be disproportionately more than that emitted by other transportation The carbon dioxide will lead to ozone layer thinning and thereby increase the probability of people contracting skin Moreover, being easier and more convenient to travel among countries means that some criminals could flee to other countries after committing hideous This will pose a threat to local security and community
诚然，跨境旅游的负面影响要大于1。首先，据报道，所排放的二氧化碳比其他交通工具排放的二氧化碳要高得多。二氧化碳会导致臭氧层变薄，从而增加患皮肤癌的可能性。此外，在各国之间旅行更方便、更方便，这意味着一些罪犯在犯了可怕的罪行后可能逃到其他国家。这将对当地安全和社区稳定构成威胁。
with more ease could expand individuals’ horizons and stimulate their love of life and they will be more productive at work in the Moreover, companies could visit foreign markets more conveniently than before and as a result, they could locate potential target market and sell goods there or buy materials from there if the price is competitively If a company could flourish this way, employees will benefit and the society in which companies are operating will be more stable and Last but not least, if more and more people are afforded opportunities to go to other countries, there will be less misunderstanding and more respect among All these will contribute to a diverse but harmonious
更放松的方式可以扩展个人的视野，激发他们对生活的热爱，他们在未来的工作中也会更加富有成效。此外，企业可以比以往更方便地访问外国市场，因此，它们可以找到潜在的目标市场，在那里销售商品，或者在价格足够有竞争力的情况下从那里购买材料。如果一家公司能以这种方式蓬勃发展，员工将从中受益，而企业经营的社会将更加稳定和和谐。最后但并非最不重要的是，如果有越来越多的人有机会去其他国家，那么各国之间的误解和尊重就会减少。所有这些都将有助于形成一个多元而和谐的文化。
To sum up, despite the numerous drawbacks mentioned above, travelling to other countries with more convenience and ease is, by and large, a positive
总之，尽管上面提到了很多缺点，但总的来说，旅行到其他国家更方便、更方便，总的来说是一个积极的发展。
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